feat(schedule_type): minute-precision windows + variable maintenance length

Lifts the two hard restrictions in PR #18:
  * window bounds were `int hour` (0-23) → now `int minutes-since-UTC-midnight` (0-1439)
  * maintenance window was exactly 1 hour → now any duration in [1, 180] minutes
    ((maint_to - maint_from) mod 1440)

## Schema migration (additive)

`_migrate_schema()` detects legacy "hours" rows (any row where MAX of the
6 window columns is ≤ 23) and multiplies each column by 60 to convert
to minutes. Idempotent — post-conversion values are well above 23 so
the guard never fires twice.

## Touched surfaces

- `models/schedule_type.py` — column comments updated; new
  `compute_maintenance_duration()` helper (returns 1-1440 min, treats
  from==to as 1440 which is then rejected by validator)
- `schemas/schedule_type.py` — `*_from`/`*_to` upper bound 23 → 1440;
  `_validate_maintenance_window` accepts 1-180min duration; response
  includes derived `maintenance_duration_minutes`
- `schemas/schedule_type_special_slot.py` — `minute_in_window` max
  59→179; `estimated_duration` max 60→180
- `routers/schedule_type.py` — PATCH re-validates merged maintenance
  pair (partial updates can put the row into an invalid combo the
  pydantic single-field validator can't catch); `_attach_derived`
  populates the new response field
- `routers/schedule_type_special_slot.py` — `_validate_fits_window`
  now takes the parent's maintenance duration instead of hard-coded 60
- `routers/calendar.py` — `_scheduled_inside_window` arg renamed
  hour→min; the maintenance-window guard error message formats
  HH:MM not HH:00
- `services/special_slot_materialiser.py` — materialised
  `scheduled_at` derived from `(maint_from_min + tpl.minute_in_window)`
  with hour/minute split

🤖 Generated with [Claude Code](https://claude.com/claude-code)

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.7 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>

app/api/routers/calendar.py

@@ -205,12 +205,14 @@ def create_slot(
             st.maintenance_from,
             st.maintenance_to,
         ):
+            mf_h, mf_m = divmod(st.maintenance_from, 60)
+            mt_h, mt_m = divmod(st.maintenance_to, 60)
             raise HTTPException(
                 status_code=422,
                 detail=(
                     f"slot at {payload.scheduled_at} duration {payload.estimated_duration}min "
                     f"intersects the maintenance window "
-                    f"{st.maintenance_from:02d}:00-{st.maintenance_to:02d}:00 UTC of "
+                    f"{mf_h:02d}:{mf_m:02d}-{mt_h:02d}:{mt_m:02d} UTC of "
                     f"schedule_type '{st.name}' — that window is admin-reserved"
                 ),
             )
@@ -341,22 +343,21 @@ def _require_agent(db: Session, agent_id: str, claw_identifier: str) -> Agent:
 def _scheduled_inside_window(
     scheduled_at,
     estimated_duration_minutes: int,
-    window_from_hour: int,
+    window_from_min: int,
-    window_to_hour: int,
+    window_to_min: int,
 ) -> bool:
-    """True if [scheduled_at, scheduled_at+duration] intersects [from:00, to:00].
+    """True if [scheduled_at, scheduled_at+duration] intersects [from, to).
 
-    Handles the 23→0 wrap case (window straddles UTC midnight).
+    Window bounds are minutes-since-UTC-midnight (0-1439). Handles the
+    case where the window crosses UTC midnight (e.g. 23:30→01:00).
     """
     start_min = scheduled_at.hour * 60 + scheduled_at.minute
     end_min = start_min + max(estimated_duration_minutes, 1)
-    win_start_min = window_from_hour * 60
+    if window_to_min > window_from_min:
-    win_end_min = window_to_hour * 60
-    if win_end_min > win_start_min:
         # normal same-day window
-        return start_min < win_end_min and end_min > win_start_min
+        return start_min < window_to_min and end_min > window_from_min
-    # wrap-around: window = [from..24:00) ∪ [00:00..to)
+    # wrap-around: window = [from..1440) ∪ [0..to)
-    return (start_min < 24 * 60 and end_min > win_start_min) or end_min > win_end_min
+    return (start_min < 1440 and end_min > window_from_min) or end_min > window_to_min
 
 
 # Admin-locked special slots accept only these agent-driven status

app/api/routers/schedule_type.py

@@ -57,6 +57,18 @@ def _require_schedule_manage(db: Session, user: User) -> User:
     return user
 
 
+def _attach_derived(st: ScheduleType) -> ScheduleType:
+    """Attach derived fields (maintenance_duration_minutes) so the
+    pydantic ScheduleTypeResponse picks them up via from_attributes.
+
+    Pydantic with from_attributes reads attributes off the ORM object;
+    setting a transient attr here avoids having to convert through dict.
+    """
+    if st is not None:
+        st.maintenance_duration_minutes = st.compute_maintenance_duration()
+    return st
+
+
 # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Schedule Type CRUD
 # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -71,7 +83,7 @@ def list_schedule_types(
     current_user: User = Depends(get_current_user_or_apikey),
 ):
     _require_schedule_read(db, current_user)
-    return db.query(ScheduleType).all()
+    return [_attach_derived(st) for st in db.query(ScheduleType).all()]
 
 
 @router.post(
@@ -96,11 +108,13 @@ def create_schedule_type(
         work_to=payload.work_to,
         entertainment_from=payload.entertainment_from,
         entertainment_to=payload.entertainment_to,
+        maintenance_from=payload.maintenance_from,
+        maintenance_to=payload.maintenance_to,
     )
     db.add(st)
     db.commit()
     db.refresh(st)
-    return st
+    return _attach_derived(st)
 
 
 @router.patch(
@@ -120,12 +134,23 @@ def update_schedule_type(
     if not st:
         raise HTTPException(404, "Schedule type not found")
 
-    for field, value in payload.model_dump(exclude_unset=True).items():
+    update_fields = payload.model_dump(exclude_unset=True)
+    for field, value in update_fields.items():
         setattr(st, field, value)
 
+    # Re-validate maintenance after merge (partial updates can put the row
+    # into an invalid window combo that the pydantic schema couldn't catch
+    # because it only saw one field).
+    from app.schemas.schedule_type import _validate_maintenance_window
+    try:
+        _validate_maintenance_window(st.maintenance_from, st.maintenance_to)
+    except ValueError as e:
+        db.rollback()
+        raise HTTPException(422, str(e))
+
     db.commit()
     db.refresh(st)
-    return st
+    return _attach_derived(st)
 
 
 @router.delete(
@@ -181,7 +206,8 @@ def get_my_schedule_type(
     if not agent.schedule_type_id:
         return None
 
-    return db.query(ScheduleType).filter(ScheduleType.id == agent.schedule_type_id).first()
+    st = db.query(ScheduleType).filter(ScheduleType.id == agent.schedule_type_id).first()
+    return _attach_derived(st) if st else None
 
 
 @router.put(

app/api/routers/schedule_type_special_slot.py

@@ -75,15 +75,17 @@ def _fetch_schedule_type(db: Session, schedule_type_id: int) -> ScheduleType:
 def _validate_fits_window(
     minute_in_window: int,
     estimated_duration: int,
+    maintenance_duration_minutes: int,
 ) -> None:
-    """Reject special slots that wouldn't fit inside the 1-hour window."""
+    """Reject special slots that wouldn't fit inside the parent's maintenance window."""
-    if minute_in_window + estimated_duration > 60:
+    if minute_in_window + estimated_duration > maintenance_duration_minutes:
         raise HTTPException(
             422,
             (
                 f"special slot does not fit in maintenance window: "
                 f"minute_in_window={minute_in_window} + "
-                f"estimated_duration={estimated_duration} > 60"
+                f"estimated_duration={estimated_duration} > "
+                f"maintenance window {maintenance_duration_minutes}min"
             ),
         )
 
@@ -127,8 +129,8 @@ def create_special_slot(
     current_user: User = Depends(get_current_user_or_apikey),
 ):
     _require_schedule_manage(db, current_user)
-    _fetch_schedule_type(db, schedule_type_id)
+    st = _fetch_schedule_type(db, schedule_type_id)
-    _validate_fits_window(payload.minute_in_window, payload.estimated_duration)
+    _validate_fits_window(payload.minute_in_window, payload.estimated_duration, st.compute_maintenance_duration())
 
     dup = (
         db.query(ScheduleTypeSpecialSlot)
@@ -188,7 +190,8 @@ def update_special_slot(
     update_fields = payload.model_dump(exclude_unset=True)
     next_min = update_fields.get("minute_in_window", slot.minute_in_window)
     next_dur = update_fields.get("estimated_duration", slot.estimated_duration)
-    _validate_fits_window(next_min, next_dur)
+    parent = _fetch_schedule_type(db, schedule_type_id)
+    _validate_fits_window(next_min, next_dur, parent.compute_maintenance_duration())
 
     for field, value in update_fields.items():
         setattr(slot, field, value)

app/main.py

@@ -400,9 +400,9 @@ def _migrate_schema():
             db.execute(text("ALTER TABLE agents ADD COLUMN schedule_type_id INTEGER NULL"))
 
         # --- schedule_types: add maintenance_from / maintenance_to ---
-        # Default 8:00–9:00 UTC for existing rows; the 1-hour-window
+        # Default 8:00–9:00 UTC for existing rows; the maintenance
-        # invariant is enforced at the schema level for any NEW rows by
+        # duration invariant (1-180min) is enforced at the schema
-        # the pydantic ScheduleTypeCreate validator.
+        # level for any NEW rows by ScheduleTypeCreate validator.
         if _has_table(db, "schedule_types"):
             if not _has_column(db, "schedule_types", "maintenance_from"):
                 db.execute(text(
@@ -413,6 +413,29 @@ def _migrate_schema():
                     "ALTER TABLE schedule_types ADD COLUMN maintenance_to INT NOT NULL DEFAULT 9"
                 ))
 
+            # --- minutes-since-midnight migration (PR #21+) ---
+            # The 6 schedule_type window columns used to hold *hours*
+            # (0-23). PR #21 changed semantics to *minutes since UTC
+            # midnight* (0-1439). Detect the legacy regime by checking
+            # if ANY row has all 6 values ≤ 23 — if so, multiply each
+            # by 60 to convert. Idempotent: post-conversion values are
+            # all ≥ 0 and usually well above 23, so guard never fires
+            # twice.
+            row = db.execute(text(
+                "SELECT MAX(GREATEST(work_from, work_to, entertainment_from, entertainment_to, maintenance_from, maintenance_to)) AS m "
+                "FROM schedule_types"
+            )).fetchone()
+            if row is not None and row.m is not None and row.m <= 23:
+                db.execute(text(
+                    "UPDATE schedule_types SET "
+                    "  work_from = work_from * 60, "
+                    "  work_to = work_to * 60, "
+                    "  entertainment_from = entertainment_from * 60, "
+                    "  entertainment_to = entertainment_to * 60, "
+                    "  maintenance_from = maintenance_from * 60, "
+                    "  maintenance_to = maintenance_to * 60"
+                ))
+
         # --- time_slots: admin-locked + special_slot pointer ---
         if _has_table(db, "time_slots"):
             if not _has_column(db, "time_slots", "is_admin_locked"):

app/models/schedule_type.py

@@ -1,9 +1,17 @@
 """ScheduleType model — defines work/entertainment/maintenance time periods.
 
 Each ScheduleType defines the daily work, entertainment, and maintenance
-windows. Agents reference a schedule_type to know when they should be
+windows for agents who reference this type. All bounds are stored as
-working, when they can engage in entertainment, and when the system
+**minutes-since-UTC-midnight** (0-1439 inclusive) so half-hour and other
-requires them to surrender control for admin-scheduled special slots.
+sub-hour boundaries are exact.
+
+Maintenance window length is variable (1-180 minutes) and admin-owned;
+agent slots cannot intersect it (see `app/api/routers/calendar.py`).
+
+Historical note: pre-PR #21 the columns held *hours* (0-23) and the
+maintenance window was hard-fixed at exactly 1 hour. The additive
+migration in `_migrate_schema()` multiplies legacy values by 60 so
+existing rows convert transparently.
 """
 
 from sqlalchemy import Column, Integer, String, DateTime
@@ -26,52 +34,26 @@ class ScheduleType(Base):
         comment="Human-readable schedule type name (e.g., 'standard', 'night-shift')",
     )
 
-    work_from = Column(
+    # Minutes since UTC midnight, 0-1439 inclusive.
-        Integer,
+    work_from = Column(Integer, nullable=False, comment="Work period start (minutes since UTC midnight)")
-        nullable=False,
+    work_to = Column(Integer, nullable=False, comment="Work period end (minutes since UTC midnight)")
-        comment="Work period start hour (0-23, UTC)",
-    )
 
-    work_to = Column(
+    entertainment_from = Column(Integer, nullable=False, comment="Entertainment start (minutes since UTC midnight)")
-        Integer,
+    entertainment_to = Column(Integer, nullable=False, comment="Entertainment end (minutes since UTC midnight)")
-        nullable=False,
-        comment="Work period end hour (0-23, UTC)",
-    )
 
-    entertainment_from = Column(
+    # Maintenance window — admin-owned, variable length (1-180 min).
-        Integer,
+    # Default 8:00–9:00 UTC = 480–540 minutes for existing rows.
-        nullable=False,
-        comment="Entertainment period start hour (0-23, UTC)",
-    )
-
-    entertainment_to = Column(
-        Integer,
-        nullable=False,
-        comment="Entertainment period end hour (0-23, UTC)",
-    )
-
-    # -----------------------------------------------------------------
-    # Maintenance window — every agent on this schedule_type must
-    # surrender work/entertainment slots during this hour. Admin-created
-    # special slots tied to this schedule_type can only be scheduled
-    # inside this window. The window is always exactly 1 hour.
-    #
-    # Default (when columns are added via additive migration to existing
-    # rows) is 8:00–9:00 UTC so deployments stay sane until an operator
-    # picks proper hours per schedule_type.
-    # -----------------------------------------------------------------
     maintenance_from = Column(
         Integer,
         nullable=False,
-        server_default="8",
+        server_default="480",
-        comment="Maintenance window start hour (0-23, UTC). Window is exactly 1h.",
+        comment="Maintenance start (minutes since UTC midnight, default 480 = 8:00 UTC).",
     )
-
     maintenance_to = Column(
         Integer,
         nullable=False,
-        server_default="9",
+        server_default="540",
-        comment="Maintenance window end hour (0-23, UTC). Must equal (maintenance_from + 1) % 24.",
+        comment="Maintenance end (minutes since UTC midnight, default 540 = 9:00 UTC). Duration ((to-from) mod 1440) must be in [1, 180].",
     )
 
     created_at = Column(DateTime(timezone=True), server_default=func.now())
@@ -83,3 +65,19 @@ class ScheduleType(Base):
         back_populates="schedule_type",
         cascade="all, delete-orphan",
     )
+
+    # ---------------------------------------------------------------
+    # Convenience methods used by the API layer + materialiser.
+    # ---------------------------------------------------------------
+
+    def compute_maintenance_duration(self) -> int:
+        """Maintenance window length in minutes (handles 23→0 wrap)."""
+        return (self.maintenance_to - self.maintenance_from) % 1440 or 1440
+
+    def window_contains(self, start_min: int, end_min: int, win_from: int, win_to: int) -> bool:
+        """True if [start_min, end_min) intersects [win_from, win_to) (handles wrap)."""
+        # Normalise into [0, 1440) — same logic as the helper in calendar.py.
+        if win_to > win_from:
+            return start_min < win_to and end_min > win_from
+        # wrap window crosses midnight: [win_from..1440) ∪ [0..win_to)
+        return start_min < win_to or end_min > win_from

app/schemas/schedule_type.py

@@ -1,27 +1,44 @@
-"""Schemas for ScheduleType CRUD."""
+"""Schemas for ScheduleType CRUD.
+
+All `*_from` / `*_to` values are **minutes since UTC midnight** (0-1439).
+A maintenance window of variable length is allowed (1-180 minutes,
+handles 23→0 wrap).
+"""
 
 from pydantic import BaseModel, Field, model_validator
 from typing import Optional
 
 
-def _validate_maintenance_window(maintenance_from: int, maintenance_to: int) -> None:
+_MAX_MIN = 1440  # 24 * 60 — exclusive upper bound
-    """Maintenance window must be exactly 1 hour (handles 23→0 wrap)."""
+
-    expected_to = (maintenance_from + 1) % 24
+
-    if maintenance_to != expected_to:
+def _maintenance_duration(maint_from: int, maint_to: int) -> int:
+    """Maintenance window length in minutes; treats from==to as 24h (invalid)."""
+    return (maint_to - maint_from) % _MAX_MIN or _MAX_MIN
+
+
+def _validate_maintenance_window(maint_from: int, maint_to: int) -> None:
+    dur = _maintenance_duration(maint_from, maint_to)
+    if dur < 1 or dur > 180:
         raise ValueError(
-            f"maintenance window must be exactly 1 hour: "
+            f"maintenance window duration must be in [1, 180] minutes; "
-            f"expected maintenance_to={expected_to}, got {maintenance_to}"
+            f"got {dur} (from={maint_from}, to={maint_to})"
         )
 
 
+def _validate_minute_field(name: str, value: int) -> None:
+    if value < 0 or value >= _MAX_MIN:
+        raise ValueError(f"{name} must be in [0, {_MAX_MIN}); got {value}")
+
+
 class ScheduleTypeCreate(BaseModel):
     name: str = Field(..., min_length=1, max_length=64)
-    work_from: int = Field(..., ge=0, le=23)
+    work_from: int = Field(..., ge=0, lt=_MAX_MIN, description="Work start (minutes since UTC midnight, 0-1439)")
-    work_to: int = Field(..., ge=0, le=23)
+    work_to: int = Field(..., ge=0, lt=_MAX_MIN)
-    entertainment_from: int = Field(..., ge=0, le=23)
+    entertainment_from: int = Field(..., ge=0, lt=_MAX_MIN)
-    entertainment_to: int = Field(..., ge=0, le=23)
+    entertainment_to: int = Field(..., ge=0, lt=_MAX_MIN)
-    maintenance_from: int = Field(8, ge=0, le=23, description="Maintenance window start hour UTC (default 8)")
+    maintenance_from: int = Field(480, ge=0, lt=_MAX_MIN, description="Maintenance start (default 480 = 8:00 UTC)")
-    maintenance_to: int = Field(9, ge=0, le=23, description="Maintenance window end hour UTC; must equal (maintenance_from+1) % 24")
+    maintenance_to: int = Field(540, ge=0, lt=_MAX_MIN, description="Maintenance end; (to-from) mod 1440 in [1,180]")
 
     @model_validator(mode="after")
     def _check_maintenance(self):
@@ -31,12 +48,12 @@ class ScheduleTypeCreate(BaseModel):
 
 class ScheduleTypeUpdate(BaseModel):
     name: Optional[str] = Field(None, min_length=1, max_length=64)
-    work_from: Optional[int] = Field(None, ge=0, le=23)
+    work_from: Optional[int] = Field(None, ge=0, lt=_MAX_MIN)
-    work_to: Optional[int] = Field(None, ge=0, le=23)
+    work_to: Optional[int] = Field(None, ge=0, lt=_MAX_MIN)
-    entertainment_from: Optional[int] = Field(None, ge=0, le=23)
+    entertainment_from: Optional[int] = Field(None, ge=0, lt=_MAX_MIN)
-    entertainment_to: Optional[int] = Field(None, ge=0, le=23)
+    entertainment_to: Optional[int] = Field(None, ge=0, lt=_MAX_MIN)
-    maintenance_from: Optional[int] = Field(None, ge=0, le=23)
+    maintenance_from: Optional[int] = Field(None, ge=0, lt=_MAX_MIN)
-    maintenance_to: Optional[int] = Field(None, ge=0, le=23)
+    maintenance_to: Optional[int] = Field(None, ge=0, lt=_MAX_MIN)
 
     @model_validator(mode="after")
     def _check_maintenance(self):
@@ -56,6 +73,7 @@ class ScheduleTypeResponse(BaseModel):
     entertainment_to: int
     maintenance_from: int
     maintenance_to: int
+    maintenance_duration_minutes: Optional[int] = None  # derived; populated by router
 
     class Config:
         from_attributes = True

app/schemas/schedule_type_special_slot.py

@@ -9,8 +9,8 @@ from pydantic import BaseModel, Field
 class SpecialSlotCreate(BaseModel):
     name: str = Field(..., min_length=1, max_length=64)
     description: Optional[str] = Field(None, max_length=512)
-    minute_in_window: int = Field(0, ge=0, le=59, description="Minute offset (0-59) inside the schedule_type maintenance window")
+    minute_in_window: int = Field(0, ge=0, le=179, description="Minute offset (0-179) inside the schedule_type maintenance window")
-    estimated_duration: int = Field(15, ge=1, le=60, description="Duration in minutes; must fit inside the 1-hour maintenance window")
+    estimated_duration: int = Field(15, ge=1, le=180, description="Duration in minutes; must fit inside the maintenance window (1-180min)")
     priority: int = Field(50, ge=0, le=99)
     event_data: Optional[dict[str, Any]] = Field(None, description="JSON payload merged into every materialised slot's event_data")
     is_active: bool = True
@@ -19,8 +19,8 @@ class SpecialSlotCreate(BaseModel):
 class SpecialSlotUpdate(BaseModel):
     name: Optional[str] = Field(None, min_length=1, max_length=64)
     description: Optional[str] = Field(None, max_length=512)
-    minute_in_window: Optional[int] = Field(None, ge=0, le=59)
+    minute_in_window: Optional[int] = Field(None, ge=0, le=179)
-    estimated_duration: Optional[int] = Field(None, ge=1, le=60)
+    estimated_duration: Optional[int] = Field(None, ge=1, le=180)
     priority: Optional[int] = Field(None, ge=0, le=99)
     event_data: Optional[dict[str, Any]] = None
     is_active: Optional[bool] = None

app/services/special_slot_materialiser.py

@@ -145,11 +145,11 @@ def _build_time_slot_from_template(
     schedule_type: ScheduleType,
     template: ScheduleTypeSpecialSlot,
 ) -> TimeSlot:
-    scheduled_at = time_type(
+    # schedule_type.maintenance_from is minutes-since-UTC-midnight; the
-        hour=schedule_type.maintenance_from,
+    # template's minute_in_window is an offset inside that window. Combined
-        minute=template.minute_in_window,
+    # offset must fit in [0, 1440) and produce a wall-clock time_type.
-        second=0,
+    total_min = (schedule_type.maintenance_from + template.minute_in_window) % 1440
-    )
+    scheduled_at = time_type(hour=total_min // 60, minute=total_min % 60, second=0)
     # Merge admin-supplied event_data with bookkeeping pointers so the
     # agent (and ARD) can identify the template at wake time.
     merged_event_data = dict(template.event_data or {})